Introduction

The model constructions have certain complexities and uniqueness in their design that several areas should be considered before pounding into the development process. On the other hand, the modern construction processes are evident in creating complexities and conflict, which requires the project management team and project engineers to focus on the design process evaluation and understand the stakeholder’s requirements and the system requirement.  This report has concentrated on evaluating the conceptual design process of a construction project to manifest how the construction is being considered and what the stakeholder’s needs that the project would be addressing (Kingdang et al. 2009). In the context of the report, the Bandra-Worli Sea Link case study has been selected, which is one of the most renowned construction projects developed in the financial capital of India, Mumbai.

  The entire project is estimated at 16.3 billion Indian rupees, and the total length of the project is 4.7 km which covers a long distance between two islands over the sea. With the help of the contractors like the Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation and the Hindustan Construction Company, the project was accomplished within eight years of its initiation; By 2009, it had manifested four lanes of traffic controls and a total Exhibition of 8 routes within the bridge.  Contemporarily, the Bandra-Worli Sea Link Bridge is one of the busiest roads that have helped transport more than 1 25,000 vehicles per day, and it is also evident in creating toll plaza revenue of more than five lakhs per day.

Figure: Bandra-Worli Sea Link Bridge

Source: (Kingdang et al. 2009)

The report provides a detailed discussion of the conceptual design process of the respective project. At the same time, it would also concentrate on evaluating the conceptual design by identifying the stakeholder’s requirement of the project and linking it with the system requirements so that transparent ideas can be formed (Kingdang et al. 2009). To address the goal mentioned above, the report will discuss stakeholders’ needs and the system requirement of the project. At the same time, it would also evaluate the conceptual design process of the bridge’s construction. 

Stakeholder’s requirements

Stakeholders are identified as the most crucial part of any project that depends on their requirements, and the project specification can also be better constructed with the help of the stakeholder’s opinion at the same time.  To discuss the conceptual design process of a construction project, the first and foremost thing to do is to identify the stakeholders of the critical shareholders associated with the project, which would help in understanding and needs of each stakeholder and how those requirements could be addressed at the same time (Meyer et al.  2011). The significant stakeholders associated with the Bandra-Worli Sea link project are identified below. 

• The sponsors
• Investors
• The subcontractors
• The government of Mumbai
• The community people
• The fisherman
• The project team members
• Project manager
• The vendor
• The supplier
• Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation
• The Hindustan Construction Company

These are the primary stakeholders associated with the Bandra-Worli Sea Link bridge construction project; depending on the requirement of these stakeholders, the entire design process of the project can also be explained.  Therefore, the below points would be able to manifest the stakeholder’s requirement and how it is linked with the project’s development process (Patel, 2021).

• Being the financial capital of India, Mumbai has been in control of the increasing level of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide in the environment due to the growing traffic congestion on roads.  This was the main requirement of the stakeholders to be resolved with the help of a project that could mitigate the issue of traffic congestion to some extent. 
• The continuous decreasing quality of air is another concern for the stakeholders as the health condition of the community people are continuously affected due to the rise of carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas in the air. 

• The construction of such Roadways would also increase the possibility for Business Development between two regions of the city as it would be a cost-effective and time selling process of travelling for both ordinary people and the business vehicles (Williams, 2021).
• Development of such projects also increases the region’s economic value as it could attract travellers worldwide due to its unique design and beneficial aspects.
• Most importantly, the project would be able to increase the job availability to the people of Mumbai and improve the social standardising process while concentrating on environmental health simultaneously.

Conceptual design process

Identifying the conceptual design of a project required concentrating on the research challenges that the project team members and the project managers had encountered during its development process.  Apart from this, it is also essential to identify the barriers that the project faced to understand how it had been able to address the stakeholder’s requirements and the aspects that have created the constraints simultaneously (Chaturvedi, 2018, April 30). Therefore, the challenges of all the constants are identified in the following manner. 

Challenges:

• One of the main constraints of the respective project was the delay in land acquisition planning and execution of financial risks. 
• There was no space within the city to develop a flyover to help in reducing the traffic condition.
• The increasing objection from the anglers, who rely on the sea for their livelihood and the route, was subjected to cause a problem for the fisherman and impacted their accessibility to the fishing activities within the area. 
• This is the nature of the Arabian. She is also considered a constant as the high tides were very violent, which could have destroyed or damaged the bridge’s infrastructure (Manasa, 2016, April 30).
• Another important constraint that has been identified is the UN realistic cost recovery plan and the lack of financial viability of the project, 

 The project management team has followed or considered the objectives to develop a business need out of the stakeholder’s requirement.

• The main objective of this construction project was to reduce traffic conditions within the city and reduce travelling time by around 40 minutes.
•  and other objectives of the project are identified in terms of increasing the project’s economic value as it is also a cost-effective way of travelling and could contribute to the region’s business development.
•  To reduce environmental degradation, the project has been developed, and it is evident that it has been able to focus on reducing the carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide gas generation due to the enormous traffic condition within the city (Sennah and Afefy, 2015).
• Another essential objective of this project has been considered to increase economic efficiency by reducing travelling time and costs. At the same time, creating a system through which mode travelling and practices of future business growth can also be attended.

The concept design is also essential to be discussed here as it would deliver the concept of building the bridge construction will be explained and help in understanding how and why the structure has taken place in that particular location. The significant feature of the bridge is that it involves a 350 mm cable-stayed Bridge with a pylon transition span in the world, which has enabled the entire length of the bridge to be strong and capable of withstanding any environmental calamities in future (Ponti, 2014). 

Figure: conceptual design of the Bandra-Worli sea link bridge

Source: (Kingdang et al. 2009)

Bandra Worli Sea Link bridge is one of India’s first cable-stayed aged bridges developed over the sea. It has provided benefits to the city transportation system as it has contributed to reducing traffic congestion and travelling time for the community and business institutions. The scope of this project is also evident as it has manifested itself as contributing toward the environmental health up-gradation, and the 4.7 km long road can also help reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and Nitrogen gas as there will be more minor traffic conditions within the road span (FPJ Web Desk. 2020, August 6). The following situations or solutions can be considered to fulfil and address the above stakeholders’ requirements and the business needs.

• Firstly, the construction of a flyover between Bandra and Worli could have been proposed to provide an additional route for the Travellers to avoid traffic conditions within the city.
• Secondly, constructing an underground tunnel under the sea could have provided an additional route for the travellers in a low period. 
• Thirdly, develop a long-span cable-stayed Bridge over the open Sea to reduce the time and cost of travelling. At the same time, it could also reduce traffic and provide improved transportation facilities to the community members (Kingdang et al. 2009).

By the above three solutions, the first two cannot be considered as the processes are pretty expensive and complex. At the same time, there are no relevant spaces within the city and under the sea to construct such complex projects. Based on the scenario, the third solution is to act and develop for the situation on the issue observed out of the system, and it is also realised that the development of a cable-stayed Bridge over the open sea could help the business the stakeholder’s needs at the same time (Williams, 2021). With the help of this 4.7-long cable-stayed bridge, the issues regarding traffic conditions and environmental degradation can be addressed. At the same time, the economic stability and Travelling facility can also be smooth.

System requirements

Discussing the system requirements related to the respective project, three aspect needs to be evaluated the functional requirement of the project, the non-functional condition of the project and the TMPs,

Functional requirement of the project: 

• The project needs to be capable of manufacturing a clear route between Bandra and worldly and address the future expansion requirement with the increasing number of vehicles.
• The reduction of travel time between Bandra and Volleyball is also essential to be manifested by the project that the traveller can cover 40 minutes of distance within 10 minutes (Patel, 2021). 
• The bridge should be capable of carrying any vehicle, from personal to commercial.
• All the heavy industrial vehicles should be allowed at the lean time or night to reduce the issues of buckling down or increasing conditions on the bridge. 
• The height of the cable-stayed bridge should be above sea level so that large commercial ships could easily pass through.

Non-functional requirements: 

• The downtime of maintenance of the bridge needs to be corrected with the help of increasing the reliability of the structure or system.
• The project should also be efficient enough to provide a high-frequency Transportation system and reduce congestion at times.
• The system of the project needs to be prepared enough to provide backup in an emergency where the infrastructure is being damaged or faced with uncertain travelling issues (Chaturvedi, 2018, April 30). 

 TMP is of the system:

• Length:  4.7 kilometres linking Bandra and Worli
• Width:  four  lanes of each Free Flow side
• Height:  high enough for the commercial ships and fishers to pass through.

Conclusion

 In conclusion, it can be stated that the report has manifested a clear discussion over the conceptual design process of the Bandra Worli Sea Link Bridge, which is one of the renowned and only cable-stayed bridge projects over the open sea in India. The report concentrates on explaining the stakeholders related to the project and their requirements that form a base for the project two considered for the development.  Apart from this, the conceptual design process of the project has also been discovered while concentrating on the challenges and constraints that the project had encountered and providing solutions to those issues as well.  System requirements have provided an idea regarding the project’s functional and non-functional TMP system, which has been evident up to managing the concept of the design and the infrastructure.

References

Chaturvedi, A. (2018, April 30). Bandra Worli sea link case study. Retrieved April 21, 2021, from https://www.slideshare.net/: https://www.slideshare.net/AKSHAYCHATURVEDI14/bandra-worli-sea-link-case-study

FPJ Web Desk. (2020, August 6). Fact Check: Bandra-Worli sea link consumed by high tide amid Aug 5 Mumbai spots of rain? Here’s the truth. Retrieved April 21, 2021, from https://www.freepressjournal.in/: https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/fact-check-bandra-worli-sea-link-consumed-by-high-tide-amid-aug-5-mumbai-rains-heres-the-truth

Kendang,, S., Gower, L., Kaul, R. And Diwanji, S., 2009. Coordinates: A resource on positioning, navigation and beyond » Blog Archive » Making of Bandra-Worli Sea Link. [online] Mycoordinates.org. Available at: <https://mycoordinates.org/making-of-bandra-worli-sea-link/all/1/> [Accessed 20 Apr. 2021].

Kendang,, S., Kaul, R., Gower, L. And Diwanji, S., 2009. Coordinates: A resource on positioning, navigation and beyond » Blog Archive » Making of Bandra-Worli Sea Link. [online] Mycoordinates.org. Available at: <https://mycoordinates.org/making-of-bandra-worli-sea-link/all/1/> [Accessed 20 Apr. 2021].

Manasa, D. (2016, April 30). Bandra Worli sea link. Retrieved April 21, 2021, from https://www.slideshare.net/: https://www.slideshare.net/manasareddy05/bandra-worli-sealink-61527821

Meyer, M., Sharma, D. and Paradkar, D., 2011. Rajiv Gandhi Sealink—Mumbai, India. Structural Engineering International, 21(1), pp.94-98.

Patel, 2021. Mumbai’s Bandra-Worli Sea Link is a symbol of aspiration – and reckless development. [online] Scroll.in. Available at: <https://scroll.in/article/962964/mumbais-bandra-worli-sea-link-is-a-symbol-of-aspiration-and-reckless-development> [Accessed 20 Apr. 2021].

Pontis, S., 2014. A guided approach to conceptual design in the information design process. Information Design Journal, 21(2), pp.115-128.

Sennah, K. and Afefy, H., 2015. Developing and studying deck joints in prefabricated concrete bulb-tee bridge girders: Conceptual design. Bridge Structures, 11(1,2), pp.33-53.

Williams, D., 2021. Minimising Future Surprises at Bridge Conceptual and Aesthetic Design. Structural Engineering International, pp.1-9.